Comparison of Inhibition and Adsorption of a Flower extract of

Rumex vesicarius L. on the Corrosion of carbon steel in acid media 1 N; HCl and H₂SO₄

Messaouda Allaoui¹*, Oumelkheir Rahim², Brahim Labed³, Ibtissem Bellaoueur⁴, Bochra Benabed¹

¹Biogéochimie des Milieux Désertiques, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Matter Sciences University Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.

²Pollution and Waste Treatment Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Matter Sciences University Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.

³Superior Normal School, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.

⁴Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), Ouargla 30000, Algeria.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: aamessaouda@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Green corrosion inhibitors are biodegradable and free of heavy metals. Some research groups have reported the successful use of naturally occurring substances to inhibit the corrosion of metals in acidic and alkaline environments. Among the various eco-friendly inhibitors, plant extracts are becoming more and more popular. In this study, the inhibitive and adsorption properties of the flower extract of Rumex viscarius L. as corrosion inhibitors of the carbon steel XC70 in the 1N; HCl and H₂SO₄ medium were investigated using the weight loss method of monitoring corrosion. The significance of the corrosion inhibition in the 1N; HCl and H₂SO₄ medium has been discussed. The corrosion rate was found to decrease with an increase in the concentration of both inhibitors in an acidic medium. But the corrosion rates were observed to be increased in the presence of inhibitors in an HCl medium. The maximum inhibition efficiency in H₂SO₄ and HCl was found to be 95.58 and 91.58% with 12.5% (v/v) concentrations of the inhibitor, respectively. The adsorption mechanism between the extract and the carbon steel substrate is found to obey Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. We also studied the impact of temperature on the corrosion, with non-attendance and attendance the optimum concentration in the temperature range from 265 to 353 K.

Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, Carbon steel, Rumex vesicarius L., Acidic medium Adsorption, Weight loss method.

INTRODUCTION:

Acid solutions are often used in drilling operations in oil and gas exploration, as well as for cleaning, descaling, and pickling steel structures to remove these rusts and scales, metals are immersed in acid solutions known as an acid pickling bath. Generally, hydrochloric acid is used in pickling baths^1,2.

However, today’s sulfuric acid has replaced hydrochloric acid with a pickling solution due to its economic advantage processes which are normally accompanied by considerable dissolution of the metal³, A useful method to protect metals and alloys deployed in service in such aggressive environments against corrosion is the addition of species to the solution in contact with the surface to inhibit the corrosion reaction and reduce the corrosion rate. Many organic compounds are known to be applicable as corrosion inhibitors for steel in acidic environments; such compounds typically contain nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in a conjugated system and function via adsorption of the molecules on the metal surface, creating a barrier to corrosive attack. Adsorption bond strength is dependent on the nature of the metal and corroding agent, inhibitor structure, and concentration, as well as temperature^3,4. Many of the inhibitors used are inorganic salts or organic compounds with toxic properties or limited solubility. Increasing awareness of health and ecological risks has drawn attention to the need to find more suitable inhibitors that are non-toxic. Accordingly, greater research efforts have been directed towards formulating environmentally acceptable inhibitors. One of the most effective green approaches is the use of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. Several research works have reported the use of plant extracts for the corrosion inhibition of metals in acidic media^5-19. These plant products are rich in organic compounds that can be extracted by simple processes. In addition, these are biodegradable, non-toxic, readily available, and renewable sources. Their use as corrosion inhibitors can be regarded as an alternative to expensive and toxic synthetic compounds⁵. In the present work, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extracts of Rumex vesicarius L. on mild steel in the 1N HCl and H₂SO₄ medium by weight loss method was investigated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Sample preparation:

Working electrodes were cut from a carbon steel sheet. Specimens in the form of discs were used. The chemical of the latter composition of carbon steel sheet is presented in Table 1 (as a percentage).

Table 1. Chemical composition of carbon steel sheet.

Element	C	P	S	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni
wt%	0.065	0.002	0.001	0.245	1.685	0.042	0.026
Element	Cu	Al	Nb	V	Ti	Mo	Fe
wt%	0.010	0.042	0.067	0.014	0.019	0.005	Rest

This material (XC70) is used widely in petroleum and gas industry. Distilled water was used for the preparation of different solutions and the purification of XC70. The sample used in this study is XC70 carbon steel and its chemical ingredients are noted in Table 1. The sample of carbon steel was cut into a rectangle form with the following dimensions: 2.17 x 1.165 x 1.67cm, was used in the weight loss. Before each corrosion test, the samples are mechanically polished with an emery paper of different grades (150, 320, 400, 600, 800, and 1200), washed with distilled water then dehydrated at 15°C.

Preparation of extract (FRv):

Rumex vesicarius L. is an annual, glabrous herb of the Polygonaceae. It spreads throughout desert and semi-desert areas of North Africa, Asia, and Australia. In South Algeria, Rumex vesicarius L. is widely used as food, as a medicinal herb²⁰. Previous chemical investigations have shown the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acid in different organs extract from Rumex vesicarius L.²¹

The flowers of Remux vesicarius L. (FRv) were collected in 2016 from Tamanrasset (Province in southern Algeria). The studied plant parts were dried under shade, then ground and stored in a closed container away from light and moisture. The extract was prepared by soaking 200g of the plant powder in 5L of distillate water for 24 hours, then we carried out the filtration process and obtained filtrate, from which the following solutions were prepared:

The first mother solution; HCl solution (1N) was added in a standard flask after adding a little water and then the volume was completed with the filtered solution.

The second another solution; H₂SO₄ solution (1N) was added in a standard flask, after adding a little water, then completing the volume with the filtered solution.

Then we dilute the mother's solution with the acid solution to obtain the following concentrations: 0.250%, 0.650%, 2.50%, 3.75%, 5.00%, 8.75%, 10.00% and 12.50%.

Weight loss study:

Weight loss measurements on carbon steel strips were performed by immersing it in the inhibited and uninhibited solution of different concentrations prepared from plant extracts in 1N; HCl and H₂SO₄, respectively. The volume of the solution used for every test was 100 ml and the required immersion time was 50 minutes for HCl and 40 minutes for H₂SO₄. The sample is weighed by an electronic balance before and after immersion. Then, it is washed with distilled water and dried before being re-weighed.

The corrosion rate in the absence and presence of inhibitors (), the inhibition efficiency (EI%), and degree of surface coverage () were obtained using the following équations^22-25:

Where, W is a weight loss of carbon steel (mg), S is the size of the piece (cm²), t is the exposure time (h), and D is the density of steel (g.cm^-3).

The surface coverage (θ), inhibition efficiency (EI %), and corrosion rate () were calculated from the following equations.

The corrosion rate in the absence of inhibitors and : The corrosion rate in the presence of inhibitors.

Adsorption isotherm:

Adsorption isotherms can help us understand the phenomenon of interaction between the metal surface and the inhibitor. This may also infer that there is a molecular interaction between the adsorption particles and the metal surface. Langmuir adsorption isotherm postulates a monolayer adsorption of the adsorbate onto the adsorbent, which is expected to have a coefficient of determination (R²) of unity. The R² value is also an indication that the plant extract’s components are approximated by a Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the monolayer of the extract species must have been attached to the metal surface without lateral interaction between the adsorbed species. Langmuir adsorption isotherm is given by the expression^26,27.

The Temkin isotherm takes into account interactions between adsorbed molecules. Since the heat of adsorption doesn't stay the same, but changes (linearly) with coverage, it will be harder for each new molecule to stick to the surface.

Langmuir

Temkin :

Where ѳ is the surface coverage, k is the adsorption equilibrium constant, C is the concentration of inhibitor, "a" and "g" are the adsorbent factors.

Effect of temperature:

To study the impact of temperature on the corrosion speed and the inhibition efficiency of FRv. The extraction was conducted. The weight loss measurements were made at a temperature between 265 and 353 K in non-attendance and attendance of the inhibitor at [8.75% (v/v), 12.5% (v/v) HCl and [2.5% (v/v), 12.5% (v/v) H₂SO₄ for one hour, the temperature has changed by heating mode.. The results are exposed in Figure 4, 5 and Tables 5, 6

Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the inhibition operation:

Temperature affects the rate of any chemical reaction, including corrosion reactions. The effect of temperature on the rate of corrosion of carbon steel can be modeled using the Arrhenius equation, which can be expressed as follows^28-31.

Where A is Arrhenius pre-exponential factor, R is a universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

Linearization of the equation (6) gives an equation (7):

A plot of Ln 𝐶R againstgives a slope of activation energy.

Enthalpy of activation (ΔH*) and entropy of activation (ΔS*) values were obtained through the linearized transition state theory equation.

Where h is Planck's constant and N is Avogadro's number.

A plot of versus will give a straight line and the slope is equal to and the intercept is from where values of ΔH* and ΔS*.

Also, free energy (ΔG*) was calculated at different temperatures, according to equation (9).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Effect of concentration

After the preparation of solutions with different concentrations of the inhibitor, we studied the results after the dipping time of 50 minutes for HCl and 40 minutes for H₂SO₄ the largest value of the speed of corrosion (fixation time). We got the following results:

Table 2. Corrosion rate, the efficiency of an inhibitor, and surface coverage for carbon steel in 1N HCl solutions containing an acid extract of FRv.

EI%	Ѳ	CRcorr  (mm/y)	S (cm^2)	Δm= m0-m (g)	Time (min)	HCl/ (FRv) C% (v/v)
		4.3550	13.8193	0.0045	50	0
6.0834	0.0608	4.0901	12.7525	0.0039	50	0.25
6.7730	0.0677	4.0601	11.8586	0.0036	50	0.62
15.3882	0.1539	3.6849	12.7031	0.0035	50	1.25
27.2583	0.2726	3.1679	11.8208	0.0028	50	2.5
44.2993	0.4430	2.4258	12.6806	0.0023	50	3.75
50.4598	0.5046	2.1575	11.7779	0.0019	50	5
58.6002	0.5860	1.8030	12.6102	0.0017	50	6.25
63.4237	0.6342	1.5929	11.7544	0.0014	50	7.5
70.7271	0.7072	1.2748	12.5889	0.0012	50	8.75
76.4580	0.7646	1.0253	11.7401	0.0009	50	10
84.4101	0.8441	0.6376	12.5846	0.0006	50	11.25
91.5788	0.9158	0.3419	11.7349	0.0003	50	12.5

Table 3. Corrosion rate, the efficiency of inhibitor, and surface coverage for carbon steel in 1N H₂SO₄ solutions containing acid extract of FRv.

EI%	Ѳ	CRcorr  (mm/y)	S (cm^2)	Δm= m0-m (g)	Time (min)	HCl/ (FRv) C% (v/v)
/	/	4,6648	14.3351	0.0040	40	0
23,8677	0,2387	3,5514	14.1219	0.0030	40	0.25
37,3302	0,3733	2,9234	13.1526	0.0023	40	0.62
54,1518	0,5415	2,1387	14.0699	0.0018	40	1.25
72,6684	0,7267	1,2749	13.1122	0.0010	40	2.5
77,0130	0,7701	1,0723	14.0314	0.0009	40	3.75
80,7998	0,8080	0,8956	13.0657	0.0007	40	5
84,6322	0,8463	0,7169	13.9920	0.0006	40	6.25
86,2335	0,8623	0,6422	13.0163	0.0005	40	7.5
88,9475	0,8894	0,5156	12.9710	0.0004	40	8.75
92,2870	0,9229	0,3598	13.9391	0.0003	40	10
92,9233	0,9292	0,2513	13.3037	0.0002	40	11.25
95,5848	0,9558	0,1291	12.9518	0.0001	40	12.5

Figure 1. Variations in the corrosion rate of carbon steel in 1N HCl and 1N H₂SO₄ at various concentrations of the extract FRv.

Tables (2,3) and Figure 1 shows that the corrosion rate is higher in the blank than in the presence of the extract and the rate decreased with increase in the extract concentration. The decrease in weight loss with increase in concentration of the extract indicates the inhibitive propensity of the extract in this acid medium. Comparing the results of the two media, we record the corrosion rates in the medium of sulphuric acid that are less than the corrosion rates in the medium of chlorohydric acid. This can be explained by the fact that the corrosion of the metal piece was stronger in the medium HCl and the effect of the inhibitor was greater in the medium H₂SO₄, is evident that the acid anions influence the corrosion process in different ways.

So generally, FRv extract addition suggests a corrosion inhibiting effect of the extract in two acidic mediums. The inhibiting effect becomes more pronounced with increasing FRv concentration, implying that the inhibitory process depends on the amount of inhibiting species present in the system^32,33.

Figure 2. Variations in the inhibition efficiencies of carbon steel in 1N HCl and 1N H₂SO₄ at various concentrations of the extract FRv.

Figure 2 shows the obtained EI% values at different FRv concentrations in 1N HCl and 1N H₂SO₄. Efficiency is comparable in both acid media and generally increased with FRv concentration, by comparison, we notice that the greater efficiency of the inhibitor is in sulfuric acid. The protective action of biomass extracts is often attributed to their phytochemical constituents, with molecular and electronic structures similar to organic corrosion inhibitors.

Organic inhibitors function by adsorption on the corroding metal surface and subsequent displacement of pre-adsorbed water molecules.

Inh(sol) + xH₂O(ads) → Inh(ads) + xH₂O(sol) ......... (10)

The resulting adsorption film then isolates the metal surface from the corrosive medium to an extent depending on the degree of the surface coverage. The observed increase in inhibition efficiency with FRv concentration thus results from increased adsorption of the extracted organic matter on the carbon steel surface, thereby reducing the surface area available for the corrosion reaction. The proposed adsorption of the extract constituents is substantiated by the data fit to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, as depicted in Figure 3^32-34

Adsorption isotherm:

Figure 3. Adsorption isotherm obtained from weight loss method; Adsorption of Langmuir; (a) in 1N HCl and (b) in 1N H₂SO₄ in the existence of inhibitor. Adsorption of Temkin; (c) in 1N HCl and (d) in 1N H₂SO₄ in the existence of inhibitor.

Table 4. Isotherms for the adsorption of acidic extract of (FRv) on the surface of carbon in 1N HCl and H₂SO₄ solution.

Isotherms	Equation		"a" or "g"	R^2
Langmuir	HCl		0.88074	0.92746
	H2SO4		0.97445	0.99719
Temkin	HCl	Log(Ɵ/C) = -0.90852Ɵ -0.38124	-0.90852	0.83504
	H2SO4	Log(Ɵ/C) = -1.5957Ɵ +0.49378	-1.5957	0.95791

The strongest correlation (R²>0.9) for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm plot is confirmed by the validity approach. It is observed that all linear correlation coefficients (R) are almost equal to 1 for HCl, which indicates the adsorption of FRv extract on carbon steel surfaces obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This is explained by the FRv extract containing organic compounds having polar atoms or groups that are adsorbed on the metal surface and may interact by mutual repulsion or attraction to form a single layer³⁴. Temkin isotherm has one factor which shown the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbing particle so vividly. The applicability of Temkin adsorption isotherm verifies the assumption of mono-layer adsorption on a uniform, homogeneous composite surface with interaction in the adsorption layer. The value of the adsorption parameter is negative suggesting the repulsion behavior of the inhibitor on the surface of carbon steel for both medium³⁵.

Effect of temperature:

Table 5. The action of temperature on corrosion speed and the inhibition efficacy of carbon steel in 1N HCl in the absence and presence of inhibitor.

T(K)	Blank	C1(8. 75%( v/v))		C2(12.5%( v/v))
			EI%		EI%
265	0.43246	0.31405	27.38185	0.19758	54.31410
269	0.60490	0.52267	13.59177	0.39482	34.72823
273	0.86262	0.73085	15.27549	0.59174	31.40213
281	0.94521	0.83281	11.89074	0.68877	27.13107
297	1.11386	1.03847	6.76806	0.88335	20.69480
303	1.44351	1.39249	3.53424	0.88335	38.80517
333	1.79153	1.61442	9.88592	1.10830	38.13674
353	2.14159	2.05492	4.04696	1.41998	33.69526

Table 6. The action of temperature on corrosion speed and the inhibition efficacy of carbon steel in 1N H₂SO₄ in the absence and presence of inhibitor.

T(K)	Blank	C1 (2. 5%( v/v))		C2(12.5%( v/v))
			EI		EI
265	0.41987	0.34948	16.76478	0.19957	52.46940
269	0.50298	0.42266	15.96875	0.29908	40.53865
273	0.66938	0.52764	21.16354	0.39838	40.47642
281	0.83606	0.73661	11.89564	0.59595	28.71925
297	1.08437	0.94572	12.78589	0.79352	26.82203
303	1.44351	1.28538	10.95470	1.10177	23.67377
333	1.87684	1.72205	08.24743	1.40492	25.14461
353	2.22725	2.16307	02.88161	1.61284	27.58638

Figure 4. Effect of various temperatures on the corrosion speed (a) in 1N HCl and (b) in 1N H₂SO₄ in the existence of inhibitor.

Figure 5. Effect of various temperatures on inhibition efficiency of carbon steel (a) in 1N HCl and (b) in 1N H₂SO₄ in the existence of inhibitor.

Figure 6. Arrhenius plots for the corrosion speed of carbon steel in non-attendance and attendance of inhibitor in 1M HCl and in H₂SO₄.

Figure 7. Transition state plot for the corrosion rate of carbon steel in 1N HCl and in 1N H₂SO₄ the absence and presence of inhibitor

The temperature has an important influence on the phenomenon of corrosion on metal surfaces. It is possible to modify the interaction between the corrosive medium and the metal surface in the presence of the extract with inhibitors. The results in Table 5, 6, and Figure 4, 5 showed that an increase in temperature leads to a higher corrosion speed and a lower inhibition efficiency, in comparison; we also noticed that the effect was greater in the medium of sulfuric acid than in the medium of hydrochloric acid. It can be said that the reduction in the inhibition efficiency with high temperature is actually suggestive of a physical adsorption mechanism; it can be explained by decreased adsorption of inhibitor particles on the surface of the steel, which suggests the physisorption of a covert layer formed by adsorption^28-30.

The information derived from the graphs shown in the two figures (6, 7) has been used to calculate the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters shown in Table7.

Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the inhibition operation:

The study of Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the inhibition operation was applied to the optimum concentration of inhibitor [C₁= 8.75% (v/v), C₂=12.5% (v/v) HCl and [C₁=2.5% (v/v), C₂=12.5% (v/v) H₂SO₄; which C₁ concentration minimal of inhibitor give great inhibition efficiency (Economic efficiency) and the C₂ concentration of inhibitor gave maximum inhibition efficiency.

By reading the results of Table 7 and comparing them, we notice that the activation energies in the presence of an inhibitor are greater than the values obtained in its absence; this suggests that the presence of reactive centers on the inhibitors blocks the active sites of corrosion increasing activation energy. This also indicates that these types of indicators are more effective at room temperature, compared to those at higher temperatures³.

In general, the activation energy values in the medium of sulfuric acid are greater than those obtained in the medium of hydrochloric acid. The values of activation energy E_a are lower than the threshold value of 80 KJ·mol^–1. This shows that the adsorption of an acidic extract of the FRv on the carbon steel surface is physical adsorption in two mediums^{29, 35}.

As for the enthalpy values, we note that their values in the presence of an inhibitor are greater than the values obtained in the absence of it, indicating that this process is slow in the existence of inhibitors with an increase in temperature. and generally the values of Enthalpy in a sulfuric acid medium are greater than those obtained in the hydrochloric acid medium, the values of ΔH* are all positive, reflecting the endothermic nature of the carbon steel dissolution process in the acid solution²⁹.

We also note that the entropy values in the presence of an inhibitor are greater than the values obtained in the absence of it, and generally the entropy values in the sulphuric acid medium are greater than those obtained in the hydrochloric acid medium. The negative value of ΔS* in the presence of the inhibitor shows that the activation complex in the rate-determining step is an association rather than dissociation step, meaning that there is a diminution in the chaos when moving from the reactant to the activated complex²⁴.

Table 7. Activation parameters of the dissolution of carbon steel in 1N HCl and 1N H₂SO₄ in nonattendance and attendance at the optimum concentration inhibitor.

H2SO4			HCl			Thermodynamic parameter
Ea	ΔH*	ΔS*	Ea	ΔH*	ΔS*
14.3001	11.7809	-205.0146	12.3420	9.8197	-211.1378	Blank
15.6303	13.1611	-201.4395	13.9235	11.4010	-206.8071	C1%( v/v )
17.2100	14.7075	-198.4798	13.2504	10.7276	-211.7032	C2%( v/v )

Table 8. Activation parameters of the dissolution of carbon steel in 1N HCl and 1 N H₂SO₄ in non-attendance and attendance optimum concentration inhibitor.

						T(K)
C2%( v/v)	C1%( v/v)	Blank	C2%( v/v)	C1%( v/v)	Blank
67.30461	66.54253	66.10981	66.82890	66.20487	65.77118	265
68.09853	67.34829	66.92987	67.67571	67.03210	66.61573	269
68.89245	68.15405	67.74992	68.52253	67.85933	67.46029	273
70.48029	69.76556	69.39004	70.21615	69.51378	69.14939	281
73.65597	72.98859	72.67027	73.60340	72.82270	72.52759	297
74.84685	74.19723	73.90036	74.87362	74.06354	73.79442	303
80.80124	80.24042	80.05080	81.22472	80.26775	80.12855	333
84.77084	84.26921	84.15109	85.45878	84.40390	84.35131	353

Through the results obtained in Table 8, we notice that all the values of free energy are positively confined to the range [65and 85] and they increase with increasing temperature. We record lower free energy values in the absence of an inhibitor for the two mediums. Free energy is a measure of the stability of the activated complex. This stability diminished with a rising temperature^{24, 36}.

CONCLUSION:

In light of the results obtained through comparison of the inhibition and adsorption of a flower extract of Rumex vesicarius L. on the corrosion of carbon steel 1N HCl and H₂SO₄ medium, we conclude the following:

· The corrosion rate decreased with an increase in the extract concentration. The fact that the metal specimen manifests higher corrosion susceptibility in 1N HCl.

· The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increased inhibitor concentration in two mediums, with the maximum inhibition efficiency in 1N H₂SO₄ and 1N HCl found to be 95.58 and 91.58% with 12.5% (v/v) concentrations of the inhibitor, respectively.

· The impact of temperature studies revealed a decrease in inhibition efficiency with a temperature rise.

· The thermodynamic results confirmed that the process of adsorption of the plant extract particles on the surface of the steel was of a physical type and endothermic.

· The adsorption mechanism between the extract and the carbon steel substrate is found to obey Langmuir and Temkin isotherms.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this investigation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

The authors would like to thank the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the General Directorate of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT) for their support and for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this research.

REFERENCES:

1. Maduabuchi A. Chidiebere C.E. Ogukwe K.L. Oguzie C.N. Eneh, E.E. Oguzie. Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Behavior of Punica granatum Extract on Mild Steel in Acidic Environments: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2012; 51: 668–677. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie201941f.

2. Shyamala M. Kasthuri P.K. A Comparative Study of the Inhibitory Effect of the Extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Aegle marmelos, and Solanum trilobatum on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium. International Journal of Corrosion. 2011;1-11. doi:10.1155/2011/129647.

3. Tharini K. Raja K. Senthilkumar A.N. 1-methyl-3-ethyl-2, 6-diphenyl piperidin-4-one oxime as an Inhibitor for Mild Steel Corrosion in H2SO4 medium. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. October 2015;8(10): 630-934. doi: 10.5958/0974-4150.2015.00100.5

4. Amaal S. Sadiq Entesar O. Al-Tamimi. Synthesis and Characterization of New poly β-Lactam from poly acrolein and Study Corrosion Inhibition for Stainless steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution.  Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. June 2021; 14(6): 3039-3044.doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00531

5. Allaoui M. Cheriti A. Gherraf N. Chebouat E. Dadamoussa B. Salhi R. Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in 1M HCl Medium by Acid Extract of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2013; 8: 9429 – 9434. Available on: http://www.electrochemsci.org/papers/vol8/80709429.pdf

6. Radia S.  Soraya N.  Rabah O. Corrosion Inhibition of A9 Steel In 1M Hydrochloric Acid by the Antioxidant Compounds of Methanolique Extracts for two Varieties of Olive Leaves: Chemlal and Rougette. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2022; 15(1):52-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-4150.2022.00008  

7. Fredrick Q. O. Emmanuel F. O. Mayowa O. Busayo A.T. Instrumental Investigations studies of green Inhibition Potential (Case Study: Zea mays cobs extracts on mild steel in Acidic Medium). Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2020; 13(2):146-150. doi: 10.5958/0974-4150.2020.00029.2  

8. Adetukasi A.  Olasunkanmi A.B.  Elvis O. A. Mild Steel Corrosion Inhibition using Bredelia ferruginea Extract in Acidic Medium. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2019; 12(6):287-294. doi: 10.5958/0974-4150.2019.00053.1  

9. Bhawsar J.  Jain P. Investigation of Mentha spicata extract as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 2M Sulphuric Acid Medium. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018;11(10): October4627-4634. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00846.6

10. Vasantha Jothi R. Maheshwari P. Saratha R. Senthil Vadivu D. A study on Inhibitive action of Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Extract as Green Corrosion inhibitor for Mild steel in Hydrochloric acid medium. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2017;10(5): September-October 611-615.doi: 10.5958/0974-4150.2017.00102.X

11. Dr. Subha R.  and Dr. Saratha R. Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Properties of African marigold for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric acid. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. March 2012;5(3): 390-396. Available on: https://www.anvpublication.org/Universal_Search.aspx?What=CitationList&tmp_PID=23112002602028421

12. Deepa Rani P. and Selvaraj S. Influence of Ocimum tenuiflorum Extract on Mild Steel in Acid Environment, Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. February 2011;4(2): 211-216. Available on: https://www.anvpublication.org/Universal_Search.aspx?What=CitationList&tmp_PID=23112002602028421

13. Fouda A.S. Ahmed A.M. El-Darier S.M. and Ibrahim I.M. Moringa oleifera as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution.  International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition. 2020; 9(4): 1630–1647. Available on:  http://ijcsi.pro/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ijcsi-2020_v9-n4-p27.pdf

14. Sanni O. Fayomi OSI.  Popoola API. Eco-friendly Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Stainless steel: An Overview.  International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World. 2019;137+8: 042047. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/4/042047

15. Madu J.O.  Ifeakachukwu C. Okorodudu U. Adams F.V. Joseph I.V. Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Terminalia Catappa Leaves Extracts on Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric Acid. International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World, 2019; 1378: 022092. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1378/2/022092

16. Nkem Iroha B. Amachree A.H. Inhibition and adsorption of oil extract of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid environment. An International scientific journal. 2019;126: 183- 197. Available on: http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/WSN-126-2019-183-197.pdf.

17. Afrokh M. Baroud S. Rbaa M. Sadki I. Hatimi A. Tahrouch S. Tabyaoui M. Guenbour A. Warad I. Zarrouk A. Cystoseira Gibraltarica Extract as an Environmentally Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl Medium. Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 2020;12: 193-207. Available on: http://www.abechem.com/article_38689_ecb74d81caebf2d36be65db9af71d942.pdf

18. Allaoui M. Rahim O. and Sekhri L. Electrochemical Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Iron in acidic medium by Moringaoleifera extract. Oriental journal of chemistry. 2017; 33: 637-646. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/330211.

19. Allaoui M. Gherraf N. Rahim O. Chebouat E. and Gouamid M. Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in 1M HCl Medium Using n-Butanol Extract of Traganum nudatum Del. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2017;12: 6769-6777. Available on: https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer17/ijaerv12n17_65.pdf.

20. Laouini S. Eddine Segni L. and Redha Ouahrani M. In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activities of Rumex vesicarius L. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2015;9(12): 635-642. Available on: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287759847.

21. Laouini S. Eddine and Redha Ouahrani M. Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Rumex vesicarius L. Extract. Scientific Study & Research Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology. Food Industry. 2017;18 (4) :367 – 376. Available on: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321781138.

22. Okewale A.O. Olaitan A. The Use of Rubber leaf Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Solution. International Journal of Materials and Chemistry.2017;7(1): 5-13. doi:10.5923/j.ijmc.20170701.02.

23. Deepa T. Thangavelu C. Sekar M. and Sudhakaran R. Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in RO water Using Trisodium Citrate - Zn2+ System, Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. October 2015;8(10): 613-617. doi: 10.5958/0974-4150.2015.00097.8

24. Bellaoueur I. Allaoui M. Lounas  A. Rahim O. Gherraf  N. Alabid I. Kinetic and Electrochemical Corrosion Inspection of Carbon Steel X70 in 1M HCl Solution by Senecio hoggariensis Extract as an Eco-Friendly Inhibitor. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. 2020;17: 39-51. Available on: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339069086.

25. Verma D. Khan F. Agrawal S. Thermodynamic and Adsorption studies for corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in Aqueous Media by Sargasam swartzii (Brown algae). Asian Journal of Chemistry.2017; 29: 2615-2618. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2017.20718.

26. Rahim O. Allaoui M. Zaoui M. Bellaoueur I. Gtas S and Belachi S. Inhibition and adsorption of flowers extract of Rumex vesicarius on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1N HCl solution. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2021; 30(11A): 12157-12168. Available on: https://www.prt-parlar.de/download_feb_2021/.

27. El attari H. lahmadi K. Siniti M. Adsorption and Inhibitive Properties of Tetradecyltriméthyl ammonium Chloride for the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Acid Sulfuric. International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology. 2015;6: 423-434. Available on: https://www.ijltet.org/journal/146121072460.pdf.

28. Miralrio A. and Vázquez A.E. Plant Extracts as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Different Metal Surfaces and Corrosive Media: A Review. Processes.2020;8: 942, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080942.

29. Rupesh Kushwah R.K. Pathak. Synergistic Effect of Cl-, Br-and I- on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in H2SO4 by a Resorcinol: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. July 2016; 9(7):329-334. doi: 10.5958/0974-4150.2016.00049.3

30. Modu Kolo A. Idris S. Bamishaiye O.M. Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Ethanol Extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaves for Zinc in Acidic Medium. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology. 2018;2: 18-25. https://doi.org/10.33805/2576.8484.108

31. Kumar Verma D. Khan F. Inhibitory effects of marigold leaves extract on the mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution. Chemistry and Materials Research. 2015;7 :69-76. Available on: https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CMR/article/download/25452/26240.

32. Ogukwe C.E. Akalezi C.O. Chidiebere M.A. Oguzie K.L. Iheabunike Z.O. Oguzie E.E. Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption of Anthocleista Djalonesis Leaf Extract on the Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel. Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta. 2012;30: 189-202. DOI: 10.4152/pea.201203189.

33. Njoku V.O. Oguzie E.E. Obi C. Ayuk A.A. Baphia nitida Leaves Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acidic Media. Advances in Chemistry. 2014;1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/808456.

34. Osita O. Ignatius O. Chukwuemeka A. The Inhibitive Effect of Gnetum Africanum, Gongronema Latifolium and Chromolena Odaratum Extracts on Corrosion of Stainless Steel in 1 M HCl and H2SO4 Solutions. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy. 2016;66: 25-37. doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILCPA.66.25.

35. Ayawei N. Ebelegi A.N. and Wankasi D. Modelling and Interpretation of Adsorption Isotherms, Hindawi Journal of Chemistry. 2017; 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3039817.

36. Chihi S. Rahim O. and Douadi A. The inhibitory action of the aqueous extract of Moltkia ciliata as an overproduct on the corrosion of carbon steel in a solution of 0.1N HCl. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2021; 30(04A): 4118-4129. Available on:  https://www.prt-parlar.de/download_feb_2020

Received on 12.01.2023                    Modified on 21.02.2023

Accepted on 22.03.2023                   ©AJRC All right reserved

Asian J. Research Chem. 2023; 16(2):175-183.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2023.00029